Political Science Indian Constitution Question and Answer Part 2

Categories: NCERT Political Science Question Answer

Political Science Indian Constitution Question and Answer Part 2

 

Q1: Why is it necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the constitution? What would happen in the absence of such a demarcation?

Answer: It is necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the constitution because demarcation allows the institutions to work efficiently without any interference or overlapping of power and responsibilities. Absence of such demarcation would lead to a clash between the various institutions that derive their power from the constitution and ultimately subvert it.

 

Q2: Why is it necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers? Can there be a constitution that gives no power at all to the citizens?

Answer: It is necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers because absence of limitations would lead to authoritarian form of government that threatens human rights. There cannot be any constitution that gives no power at all to the citizens as they make up the fabric of the state. The institutions of the state that are meant to serve the citizens would end up denying them their rights in such a scenario.

 

Q3: The Japanese Constitution was made when the US occupation army was still in control of Japan after its defeat in the Second World War. The Japanese constitution could not have had any provision that the US government did not like. Do you see any problem in this way of making the constitution? In which way was the Indian experience different from this?

Answer: 

  • The problem with making a constitution that is influenced by external factors or occupants is that it does not represent the will, goals and aspirations of the citizens of the country. Citizens have little participation in the type of government and institutions that are imposed upon them.
  • It also compromises on the sovereignty of the country. Thus, in many ways, it is an enforced constitution.
  • The Indian experience of constitution-making was different as it was based upon ideologies that were influenced by nationalist movement. The Constituent Assembly of India itself had many leaders who participated in the national movement and thus, were representative of the voice of the nation.
  • Sovereignty and freedom were the main goals of the Indian nationalist movement that also gave way to ideals of equality, fraternity, and secularism. This is the reason behind the democratic, secular and sovereign character of the Indian Constitution.

 

Q4: Rajat asked his teacher this question: “The constitution is a fifty year old and therefore outdated book. No one took my consent for implementing it. It is written in such tough language that I cannot understand it. Tell me why should I obey this document?” If you were the teacher, how would you answer Rajat?

Answer:

  • The Constitution is not an outdated book as it represents universal values, ideals and rights that are relevant to the society in every age. The ideals of secularism, equality and fraternity are necessary for the creation of a just society. The democratic form of government provides representation to the collective will of the people.
  • The Constitution is also a source of the rights and privileges that are enjoyed by all citizens of the state. It provides immunity against arbitrary action by the state and makes it accountable for its decisions. It provides a stake for the citizens in the election and running of the government and development of the country.
  • The Constitution has the provision of amendments to ensure that it keeps up with requirements of the changing times, without compromising on its basic structure.
  • Thus, the constitution is a necessary requirement for the smooth and orderly working of institutions and maintenance of stability and continuity along with changes in the society. It creates conditions in which ordinary citizens can live their life according to their individual. 

 

Q5: In a discussion on the experience of the working of our Constitution, three speakers took three different positions:

a. Harbans: The Indian Constitution has succeeded in giving us a framework of democratic government.

b.Neha: The Constitution made solemn promises of ensuring liberty, equality and fraternity. Since this has not happened,

the Constitution has failed.

c. Nazima: The Constitution has not failed us. We have failed the Constitution.

Do you agree with any of these positions? If yes, why? If not, what is your own position?

Answer: Any answer supported with an argument or explanation would solve the purpose. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own. However, one sample solution has been provided for your reference:

a.

The position of Harbans is correct. The constitution has succeeded in creating a framework of democratic government within which people exercise their choice while electing the government. Elections are conducted regularly at all levels of government and institutional arrangements have been largely successful in preventing the subversion of Constitution.

b.

The position of Neha is not correct. While it is true that the country is yet to entirely achieve the stated goals of liberty, equality and fraternity, it must be also remembered that these goals are not a static but dynamic process since society is always evolving. The inability to achieve these goals cannot be attributed to the constitution but rather to the individual shortcomings and weaknesses of the people who are in position of power and the nature of politics in recent years.

c.

The position of Nazima is correct. The Constitution has adequate principles for proper governance of the country. The people who are responsible for executing and implementing the principles of the constitution have failed to do so because of their self-interest and dishonesty. The tendency to subvert democratic processes in pursuit of power has led to the state of affairs where elections are rigged, money and muscle power become important and political parties are run as family institutions without inner-party democracy. All this is responsible for the rampant rise in corruption as people who gain positions of power through money want to recover their expenditure

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